Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Thanthai Periyar on Postage Stamp President of Dravidar Kazhagam In office 27 August – 24 December Preceded by Position Established Succeeded by Annai E. V. R. Maniammai Head of Justice Party In office – 27 August Inaugural Holder C. Natesa Mudaliar Preceded by Ramakrishna Ranga Rao of Bobbili Succeeded by P. T. Rajan Personal details Born Admission to blogger.com, Post-Graduate, PG Diploma, Diploma and Certificate Courses by University Department for the Academic Year Admission to blogger.com Courses by Affiliated Colleges for the Academic Year Disclaimer: If you need a custom written term, thesis or research paper as well as an essay or dissertation sample, choosing Success Essays - a relatively cheap custom writing service - is a great option. Get any needed writing assistance at a price that every average student can afford
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Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy [1] 17 September — 24 Decembercommonly known as Periyar or Thanthai Periyarwas an Indian social activist and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. He is known as the 'Father of the Dravidian movement '. Ramasamy joined the Indian National Congress inbut resigned in when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of Brahmins.
He questioned the subjugation of non-Brahmin Dravidians as Brahmins enjoyed gifts and donations from non-Brahmins but opposed and discriminated thesis writing service chennai non-Brahmins in cultural and religious matters. Ramasamy participated in non-violent agitation satyagraha in VaikomTravancore [ citation needed ].
From to Ramasamy made a tour of British MalayaEuropeand Soviet Union which influenced him. Ramasamy became the head of the Justice Party[11] and inhe changed its name to Dravidar Kazhagam. Annadurai forming the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam DMK in He opposed the exploitation and marginalisation of the non-Brahmin Dravidian people of South India and the imposition of what he considered Indo-Aryan India. Erode Venkata Ramasamy was born on 17 September to a Kannada [14] Balija merchant family [15] [16] [17] in Erodethen a part of the Coimbatore district of the Madras Presidency.
Ramasamy's father is Venkatappa Nayakar or Venkataand his mother was Chinnathyee, Muthammal. He had one elder brother named Krishnaswamy and two sisters named Kannamma and Ponnuthoy. Ramasamy married when he was 19, and had a daughter who lived for only 5 months.
His first wife, Nagammaidied in Ramasamy married for a second time in July Ramasamy's social work after his death inand his ideas then were advocated by Dravidar Kazhagam. InE. Ramasamy announced the deletion of his caste title Naicker from his name at the First Provincial Self-Respect Conference of Chengalpattu.
He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus who gave discourses in his house enjoying his father's hospitality. At a young age, he began questioning the apparent contradictions in the Hindu mythological stories. Ramasamy's father arranged for his wedding when he was nineteen. The bride, Nagammai, was only thirteen. Despite having an arranged marriagePeriyar and Nagammai were already in love with each other. Two years after their marriage, a daughter was born to them.
However, their daughter died when she was five months old. The couple had no more children. Ramasamy went on a pilgrimage to Kashi to visit the revered Shiva temple of Kashi Vishwanath. However, one particular incident in Kasi had a profound impact on E, thesis writing service chennai. Ramasamy's ideology and future work. At the worship site there were free meals offered to guests. Ramasamy's shock, thesis writing service chennai, he was refused meals at choultries, which exclusively fed Brahmins.
Due to extreme hunger, E. Ramasamy felt compelled to enter one of the eateries disguised as a Brahmin with a sacred thread on his bare chest, but was betrayed by his moustache. The gatekeeper at the temple concluded that E.
Ramasamy was not a Brahmin, as Brahmins were not permitted by the Hindu shastras to have moustaches. He not only prevented Periyar's entry but also pushed him rudely into the street.
As his hunger became intolerable, Periyar was forced to feed on leftovers from the streets. Around this time, he realised that the eatery which had refused him entry was built by a wealthy non-Brahmin from South India. Ramasamy joined the Indian National Congress in after quitting his business and resigning from public posts. He held the chairmanship of Erode Municipality and wholeheartedly undertook constructive programs spreading the use of Khadipicketing toddy shops, boycotting shops selling foreign cloth, and eradicating untouchability.
InPeriyar courted imprisonment for picketing toddy shops in Erode. When his wife as well as his sister joined the agitation, it gained momentum, and the administration was forced to come to a compromise. He was again arrested during the Non-Cooperation movement and the Temperance movement.
His attempts were defeated in the Congress party due to discrimination and indifferencewhich led to his leaving the party in According to the prevalent caste system in Kerala and the rest of India, low-caste Hindus were denied entry into temples. In Kerala, they were denied permission to walk on the roads that led to the temples also.
Kerala state was formed in ; earlier it was broadly divided into Malabar North KeralaCochin and Travancore kingdoms. In the Kakinada meet of the Congress Party inT K Madhavan presented a report citing the discrimination faced by the depressed castes in Kerala. That session decided to promote movements against untouchability. In Kerala, a committee was formed comprising people thesis writing service chennai different castes to fight untouchability in the region.
The committee was chaired by K Kelappan; the thesis writing service chennai of the members were T K Madhavan, Velayudha Menon, Kurur Neelakantan Namboodiripad and T R Krishnaswami Iyer. The movement gained all-India prominence and support came from far and wide. The Akalis of Punjab lend their support by setting up kitchens to provide food to the Satyagrahis. Even Christian and Muslim leaders came forward for thesis writing service chennai. This was shunned by Gandhiji who wanted the movement to be an intra-Hindu affair, thesis writing service chennai.
On advice from Gandhiji, the movement was withdrawn temporarily in April After the talks with caste-Hindus failed, the leaders resumed the movement.
Leaders T K Madhavan and K P Kesava Menon were arrested. Periyar came from Tamil Nadu to give his support. He was arrested. On 1 Octobera group of savarnas forward castes marched in a procession and submitted a petition to the Regent Maharani Sethulakshmi Bai of Travancore with about signatures for temple entry to everyone. Gandhiji also met with the Regent Maharani. This procession of savarnas was led by Mannath Padmanabhan Nair.
Starting with about thesis writing service chennai at Vaikom, the number increased to about when the procession reached Thiruvananthapuram in November In Vaikom, a small town in Kerala state, then Travancorethere were strict laws of untouchability in and around the temple area, thesis writing service chennai.
Dalitsalso known as Harijanswere not allowed into the close streets around and leading to the temple, let alone inside it, thesis writing service chennai. Anti-caste feelings were growing and in Vaikom was chosen as a suitable place for an organised Satyagraha. Under his guidance a movement had already begun with the aim of giving all castes the right to enter the temples. Thus, agitations and demonstrations took place. On 14 April, Periyar and his wife Nagamma arrived in Vaikom.
They were immediately arrested and imprisoned for participation. In spite of Gandhi's objection to non-Keralites and non-Hindus thesis writing service chennai part, Periyar and his followers continued to give support to the movement until it was withdrawn. He received the title Vaikom Veeran thesis writing service chennai, given by his followers who participated in the Satyagraha.
The way in which the Vaikom Satyagraha events have been recorded provides a clue to the image of the respective organisers, thesis writing service chennai. In an article entitle Gandhi and Ambedkar, A Study in LeadershipEleanor Zelliot relates the 'Vaikom Satyagraha', including Gandhi's negotiations with the temple authorities in relation to the event.
Furthermore, the editor of E. Ramasamy's Thoughts states that Brahmins purposely suppressed news about E. Ramasamy's participation. A leading Congress magazine, Young Indiain its extensive reports on Vaikom never mentions E. The committee chaired by K Kelappan, composed of T K Madhavan, Velayudha Menon, Kurur Neelakantan Namboodiripad and T R Krishnaswami Iyer.
Periyar and his followers campaigned constantly to influence and pressure the government to take measures to remove social inequality, abolish untouchability, manual scavenging system etc even while other nationalist forerunners focused on the struggle for political independence. The Self-Respect Movement was described from the beginning as "dedicated to the goal of giving non-Brahmins a sense of pride based on their Dravidian past".
Inthe Periyar Self-Respect Movement Institution was registered with a list of objectives of the institution from which may be quoted as. for the diffusion of useful knowledge of political education ; to allow people to live a life of freedom from slavery to anything against reason and self respect ; to do away with needless customs, meaningless ceremonies, and blind superstitious beliefs in society; to put an end to the present social system in which castereligion, community and traditional occupations based on the accident of birth, have chained the mass of the people and created "superior" and "inferior" classes Propagation of the philosophy of self respect became the full-time activity of Periyar since A Tamil weekly Kudi Arasu started inwhile the English journal Revolt started in carried on the propaganda among the English educated people.
In Maya conference of Self-Respect Volunteers was held at Pattukkotai under the presidency of S. Alagiriswami took charge as the head of the volunteer band. Conferences followed in succession throughout the Tamil districts of the former Madras Presidency. A training school in Self-Respect was opened at Erode, the home town of Periyar. The object was not just to introduce social reform but to bring about a social revolution to foster a new spirit and build a new society.
Between andunder the strain of World Depressionpolitical thinking worldwide received a jolt from the spread of international communism. The Self-Respect Movement also came under the influence of thesis writing service chennai leftist philosophies and institutions. Ramasamy, after establishing the Self-Respect Movement as an thesis writing service chennai institution, began to look for ways to strengthen it politically and socially.
To accomplish this, thesis writing service chennai, he studied the history and politics of different countries, and personally observed these systems at work. Ramasamy toured Malaya for a month, from December to Januaryto propagate the self-respect philosophy.
Embarking on his journey from Nagapattinam with his wife Nagammal and his followers, E. Ramasamy was received by 50, Tamil Malaysians in Penang. During the thesis writing service chennai month, he inaugurated the Tamils Conference, convened by the Tamils Reformatory Sangam in Ipohand then went to Singapore.
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